FIAE-Flix schrieb am 20.08.2023 22:26:
DasWoelfchen schrieb am 20.08.2023 20:10:
FIAE-Flix schrieb am 20.08.2023 11:42:
Saul Goodmen schrieb am 20.08.2023 11:06:
Die Krise Russlands, Bildung der Oligarchen, Zusammenbruch der Sozialsysteme, in den 90ern, geht auf westliche Berater zurück.
Ein ganz besonders prominenter Vertreter dieser Berater ist übrigens ein gewisser Jeffrey Sachs, der nicht nur in den Foren gerne zitiert wird ,)
Um ihm kein Unrecht zu tun: Sein Plan hat in diversen anderen Staaten durchaus nicht schlecht funktioniert, prominentestes Beispiel ist hier Polen. Man könnte also auf die Idee kommen, dass es vielleicht doch nicht an den Beratern lag.
Vielleicht hing es ja doch damit zusammen, dass man in Zeiten vollkommen disfunktionaler Wirtschaft alles an die Bürger verteilt hat (die für ein Brot ihre Anteile verscherbelt haben) bzw. sich die ehemaligen Bonzen die Fabriken etc. hat unter den Nagel reißen lassen statt wie heute gerne behauptet wird etwa massiv ausländische Investoren zum zug kommen zu lassen?
Vielleicht lag es ja auch an etwas anderem - aber wo du gerade Jeffrey Sachs sagst, lassen wir den Mann doch einmal persönlich über seine Erfahrungen aus dieser Zeit sprechen:
JEFFREY SACHS: Absolutely. And I had a controlled experiment, because I was economic adviser both to Poland and to the Soviet Union in the last year of President Gorbachev and to President Yeltsin in the first two years of Russian independence, 1992, ’93. My job was finance, to actually help Russia find a way to address, as you described it, a massive financial crisis. And my basic recommendation in Poland, and then in Soviet Union and in Russia, was: To avoid a societal crisis and a geopolitical crisis, the rich Western world should help to tamp down this extraordinary financial crisis that was taking place with the breakdown of the former Soviet Union.
Well, interestingly, in the case of Poland, I made a series of very specific recommendations, and they were all accepted by the U.S. government — creating a stabilization fund, canceling part of Poland’s debts, allowing many financial maneuvers to get Poland out of the difficulty. And, you know, I patted myself on the back. “Oh, look at this!” I make a recommendation, and one of them, for a billion dollars, stabilization fund, was accepted within eight hours by the White House. So, I thought, “Pretty good.”
Then came the analogous appeal on behalf of, first, Gorbachev, in the final days, and then President Yeltsin. Everything I recommended, which was on the same basis of economic dynamics, was rejected flat out by the White House. I didn’t understand it, I have to tell you, at the time. I said, “But it worked in Poland.” And they’d stare at me blankly. In fact, an acting secretary of state in 1992 said, “Professor Sachs, it doesn’t even matter whether I agree with you or not. It’s not going to happen.”
And it took me, actually, quite a while to understand the underlying geopolitics. Those were exactly the days of Cheney and Wolfowitz and Rumsfeld and what became the Project for the New American Century, meaning for the continuation of American hegemony. I didn’t see it at the moment, because I was thinking as an economist, how to help overcome a financial crisis. But the unipolar politics was taking shape, and it was devastating. Of course, it left Russia in a massive financial crisis that led to a lot of instability that had its own implications for years to come.
https://www.democracynow.org/2022/8/30/wests_false_narrative_china_russia_ukraine
Ich kenne das Interview mit ihm. Aber auch z.b. dieses hier.
https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/russia-s-failure-to-reform
"Politics is the third and crucial dimension explaining Russia’s failures. The Soviet Union had crafted a system of corrupt, immoral politics that has continued in Russia until this day. The old Soviet nomenklatura became the new political managers of Russia. The Soviet Union had repressed or destroyed every vestige of civil society, including professional associations, religious groups, charitable societies, and the independent media – the types of social organizations that would normally help to limit widespread government corruption. Poland, by contrast, had strong civic groups – including the church, peasant societies, and the Solidarity trade union. In Poland, therefore, corruption has been kept under control, while in Russia it is pervasive and deeply damaging to society."
Du darfst aber auch ruhig andere Teile dieses Interviews von 1999 zitieren:
Geography is critical, though often neglected by commentators. The countries closest to the markets of Western Europe (Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Croatia, Slovenia, and the Baltic States) have had a much easier transition to capitalism than the more distant economies of the former Soviet Union. When a Western European enterprise, say Volkswagen, decides to purchase parts from a firm in Eastern Europe, it almost surely goes first to a neighboring country – for example Poland – rather than to Ukraine or Russia. Therefore, the countries closest to Western Europe have received the largest flows of foreign investments from Western Europe, and have also been able to expand their exports to the European Community. Foreign investment and exports have been the two main engines of economic recovery in countries like Poland, Slovenia, and Estonia.
(...)
There is also an international dimension to Russia’s political crisis. Western governments were much more prepared to help Poland than they were to help Russia. For example, Poland received a partial cancellation of its debts; Russia did not. Poland received early help from the West in stabilizing its currency; Russia did not. In general, the West never tried very hard to help Russia. This may have been a strategic consideration, or simply a decision made in ignorance. We can say surely, though, that the lack of Western help of the right sort and at the right time has gravely worsened Russia’s chances for economic recovery.In the end, Poland (and several other countries in Central and Eastern Europe) carried out reforms honestly and effectively. Such countries took advantage of their favorable geography to attract large-scale investments from Western Europe. Poland, and some others, received timely help from the West. Russia, by contrast, failed to reform, and has descended farther and farther into corruption and decay. It has received little real help from the West. The situation in Russia remains unstable and therefore dangerous. Only new, honest, and democratic leadership in Russia, combined with a real commitment to help Russia from the West, can help to correct this perilous situation.