computerpolizei schrieb am 03.10.2024 06:00:
Noch zum Kontext, ein Bericht von "Die Welt" noch vor dem Beginn des aktuellen Konflikts:
https://www.welt.de/geschichte/zweiter-weltkrieg/article234006778/Massaker-von-Babyn-Jar-Die-Leichen-wurden-regelrecht-geschichtet.html
Zitat: "Das ging alles sehr schnell vor sich, und wo der einzelne zögerte, wurde von den Ukrainern mit Fußtritten und Stößen nachgeholfen"Interessant auch, dass neuere Publikationen, wie auch Wikipedia, offenbar entsprechend "gesäubert" wurden. Die Revisionisten haben offenbar seit 2022 die Oberhand. Diese Kräfte wirken besonders in Kiew schon lange. Als Israels Präsident Rivlin 2016 vor dem ukrainischen Parlament die Rolle der OUN ansprach, griff ihn das Staatliche Institut für Nationale Erinnerung wegen der Verbreitung »sowjetischer Mythen« an.
Solche "Mythen" haben aber sehr handfeste und gut belegte Hintergründe. So schreiben Scott und John Lee Anderson in ihrem Buch "Inside the League" (1986) über Stepan Bandera, Jaroslav Stezko die Nummer 2 in der OUN/B und die Massaker in Lvov (Lviv) im Juli 1941, die noch vor Babyn Jar geschahen:
By the time the Nazis took notice of him, Stetsko had spent nearly two years in a Polish prison for his role in the murders of Polish government officials. As a leader of the Galician* branch of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), Stetsko's disdain for parliamentary rule and his proven willingness to liquidate its proponents were qualities the Germans were looking for.
The Nazis saw the Ukrainians as potentially important allies. Their ideology— fanatical racism against ethnic Poles and Russians, and virulent hatred of Jews— meshed perfectly with the Germans'. In the late 1930s, they had grand plans for the Ukrainian nationalists, and they organized them in earnest while planning the invasion of Poland. The Germans even bandied about the idea of setting up a nominally independent Ukrainian government in Galicia under OUN control; this would depend on whether the Ukrainians could "produce an uprising which would aim at the annihilation of the Jews and Poles." 13By 1938, the Nazis had compelling reasons to save Stetsko from penal obscurity. The previous year, a Soviet agent had slipped a bomb into the coat pocket of the pre-eminient pro-German Ukrainian leader and killed him. Since then, the OUN had lost much of its direction. Two opposing camps had formed: the cautious old guard, and the young radicals like Stetsko, bold and ready for war. Once plucked from jail, Stetsko became a driving force behind the creation of a new Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, the OUN/B, led by Stefan Bandera. Bandera chose Stetsko to be his second-in-command, forming an alliance that would last nineteen years. (Bandera would be assassinated on a Munich street by a KGB agent in 1959; Stetsko would go on to meet the president of the United States.)
While the Germans had hoped to use Stetsko to unify the OUN, throughout the war they would support both major Ukrainian camps. The dirty work, however, would be OUN/B ; s chief domain.
While preparations were under way for Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union, the Nazis organized their Ukrainian helpers into regiments. One regiment, the Nightingales, which consisted mainly of Bandera-Stetsko followers, would be in the vanguard of the German invasion of the Ukraine wearing Wehrmacht uniforms. The Nightingales' mission was to carry out sabotage and to engage the Red Army in rearguard skirmishes and guerrilla warfare. 14 The OUN/B also formed a secret police, the Sluzhba Bezpeky, which would see to the purging of Jews, ethnic Russians, and Communist Party members for their Nazi allies; they would accomplish this mission with terrible skill. Its chief was Mykola (Nicholas) Lebed, who, according to even a sympathetic writer, John Armstrong, "was to acquire for himself and his organization an unenviable reputation for ruthlessness." 15 Lebed was named third in command of OUN/B, behind Bandera and Stetsko. He would be responsible for the murder of thousands of Germany's enemies in the Ukraine and of scores more in the displaced persons camps in Western Europe after the war. He lives today in New York City.
When the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, they were greeted by the people as liberators from the horrible repression of the Stalin regime. They struck deep into the heart of the Soviet empire as the Red Army fell back in disarray; tens of thousands deserted or surrendered. By June 30, 1941, advance units of the Wehrmacht had reached the city of Lvov. With them were the Ukrainian Nightingales, led by a German officer, Theodore Oberlander, and Yaroslav Stetsko.
Stetsko immediately organized a "congress" in a small meetingroom. From the podium, he announced the creation of the Ukrainian State, and named himself premier. Whether Stetsko thought he had tacit approval from the Nazis for the independence declaration or whether he was attempting to present them with a fait accompli is open to debate. But certainly the news, broadcast out of Lvov by Stetsko over the radio station, did not have the desired effect on his allies: The Germans were outraged, but, not wanting to alienate their Ukrainian surrogate soldiers, they vacillated. In the confusion, Stetsko scrambled for approval, crowing his obedience to the Nazis:
The Ukrainian State will closely cooperate with great National Socialist Germany which under the leadership of Adolf Hitler will create a New Order in Europe and throughout the world. The Ukrainian army will fight together with the allied German army for the New Order in the world. 16
The shaky alliance held long enough for the average Ukrainian peasant to realize that the liberating Nazis and the OUN were just as brutal as the Red Army had been. The pogroms, code-named "Action Petlura," began within hours of Stetsko's arrival in Lvov. Jews, intellectuals, greater Russians, Communist Party officials— anyone suspected of opposing the "New Order"— were rounded up and executed in these joint operations of the Nazis and the Ukrainian nationalists.
"The Galician capital of Lvov," wrote historian Raul Hilberg, "was the scene of a mass seizure by local inhabitants. In 'reprisal' for the deportation of Ukrainians by the Soviets, 1000 members of the Jewish intelligentsia were driven together and handed over to the security police." 17
This roundup took place on July 2, 1941 ; two days after Stetsko had arrived in Lvov and assumed the premiership of the Ukraine. During the period in which Stetsko was in Lvov and, by his own claim, in charge of the city, an estimated seven thousand residents, mostly Jews, were murdered. Tens of thousands more were exterminated in the surrounding countryside by marauding OUN/B units. In the following four years, the entire Jewish population of Lvov— about one hundred thousand— and more than a million Jews in greater Ukraine would be annihilated by the Nazis and their coworkers, the Ukrainian auxiliary police.
Moving with speed, the Einsatzgruppe (German mobile killing units) organized a network of local Ukrainian militias ; making them partly self-financing by drawing upon Jewish money to pay their salaries. The Ukrainians were used principally for dirty work— thus Einstatzcommando 4a went so far as to confine itself to the shooting of adults while commanding its Ukrainian helpers to shoot children. 18
https://archive.org/details/pdfy-YAnJOkt3G0B4uEGh/page/n35/mode/2up
Die Person Jaroslav Stezkos ist deshalb so interessant, weil er auch nach dem Krieg eine wichtige Rolle spielte und Kontakt zu hochrangigen Politikern und Militärs in den USA hatte bis hin zum Präsidenten.
Yaroslav Stetsko is chairman of the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations (ABN) and a major leader of the World Anti-Communist League. He was involved with the League even before its official founding in 1966. In journeys to Taiwan in 1956, 1957, 1961, and 1964, and at many Asian People's Anti-Communist League conferences (the precursor to the World League), Stetsko pursued his long interest in Taiwan and its generalissimo, Chiang Kai-shek. Stetsko found a reflection of his own beliefs in the ferocious anti-communist stance of the Taiwanese government and in its willingness to combat communism by any means necessary. In 1958, he took part in the preparatory conference of the World Anti-Communist League in Mexico City and was one of those most responsible for its ultimate creation. In 1970 ; he was elected to the executive board, the Leagued elite governing body.
Today, Stetsko maintains his respectability and authority in anticommunist circles throughout the world. Those introducing him at receptions or forums describe him as a patriot and a freedom fighter as well as a "survivor of Nazi concentration camps." He has conferred with prominent conservatives, among them heads of state and American congressmen and senators.
(...)
Now residing in Munich, West Germany, Stetsko has long been active in urging American and Western European governments to take a firmer stand against the Kremlin. In 1983, he met with President Ronald Reagan at the White House.
Der ABN und die WACL waren waren weitgehend von US-amerikanischen Geldern abhängig.
Nach seinem Tod 1986 übernahm seine Frau Jaroslava Stezko, selbst bereits seit 1938 Mitglied der OUN, seine Posten beim ABN und der WACL und kehrte nach 1991 in die Ukraine zurück.
https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslawa_Stezko
Dort gründete sie 1992 die Partei Kongress Ukrainischer Nationionalisten und dessen paramilitärischen Arm Tryzub, der die Basis für den Rechten Sektor beim Euromaidan 2014 bildete.
Die Entscheidung, sich aktiv an der Schaffung von Selbstverteidigungseinheiten in den Regionen zu beteiligen, wurde von der Führung des Kongresses der Ukrainischen Nationalisten auf einer Sitzung des Präsidiums der Hauptpartei getroffen. Dies gab der Vorsitzende des Kongresses, Stepan Bratsiun, bekannt.
Nach Angaben des Parteivorsitzenden unterstützte der Kongress auf diese Weise die Entscheidung des Hauptquartiers des Nationalen Widerstands, Selbstverteidigungseinheiten in der gesamten Ukraine auszubauen.
Derzeit sind hundert Aktivisten des Kongresses der Ukrainischen Nationalisten ständig im Rahmen der Selbstverteidigung des Maidan aktiv. Darüber hinaus kooperieren viele Kongressabgeordnete mit dem „Rechten Sektor“. So wurde insbesondere Oleksandr Sachko, der Leiter der Transkarpatischen Regionalorganisation des KUN, mit der Vertretung des „Rechten Sektors“ in Transkarpatien betraut.
Im Allgemeinen haben sich Parteiaktivisten bereits aktiv an der Bildung von Selbstverteidigungseinheiten in Transkarpatien, Czernowitz und Lemberg beteiligt.
https://web.archive.org/web/20170508102955/http:/cun.org.ua/2014/kun-vklyuchayetsya-u-formuvannya-zagoniv-samooboroni-po-regionah/
Bereits 1996 besuchte Frau Stezko die USA, traf dort mit hochrangigen Politikern zusammen (u.a. auch Zbigniew Brzeziński) und trat für eine NATO-Osterweiterung ein, ohne russische Sicherheitsbedenken zu berücksichtigen.
During her tour in the United States,
Slava Stetsko, leader of the Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists, spent two
days in Washington meeting with officials in the U.S. Department of State,
members of the House of Representatives international Relations
Committee, members of the Senate Republican Policy Committee, the
American Foreign Policy Council, the Ukrainian Ambassador to the United
S tates, and colleagues such as Edward D erw inski (form er U.S.
representative from Illinois) and Zbigniew Brzezinski, a well-known
advocate of of Ukrainian issues. Beginning her tour in Washington on
Tuesday, October 22, 1996, Mrs. Stetsko attended a press briefing at The
Heritage Foundation where Hennadij Udovenko, Minister of Foreign
Affairs for Ukraine, was the keynote speaker.
(...)
Immediately following the press briefing, Mrs. Stetsko had the
opportunity to meet Jim Jatras, a member of the Senate Republican
Policy Comm ittee. Mr. Jatras is responsible for m onitoring policy
decisions of the U.S. Senate that arise during Congressional deliberations.
In her comments, Mrs. Stetsko acknowledged the importance of the U.S.
Senate, in particular Sen. Mitch McConnell (R-KY), earmarking foreign
assistance to Ukraine in the amount of $225 million for FY 1997. Noting
the disproportional amount of assistance provided to Ukraine in the
previous years, Mrs. Stetsko reminded Mr. Jatras of the strategic
importance of Ukraine to overall European security and stability. The
eventual enlargement of NATO was also discussed as Mrs. Stetsko
emphasized that NATO, as a political and military alliance, has the right
to expand without the “veto privilege” of a non-NATO country.
(Quelle: ABN Correspondence Spring/Summer 1996, No 1-2, Vol XLVII)