Inside Echelon

Available from the European Parliament web sitehttp://www.europarl.eu.int/dg4/stoa/en/publi/pdf/98-14-01-2en.pdf. The report is part of a series of four in a series on the "Development of surveillance technology and risk of abuse of economic information" The report contains a detailed technical account of how different types of communications are intercepted

"An appraisal of technologies of political control", report for the European Parliament Scientific and Technological Options office (STOA) by Dr Steve Wright, Omega Foundation, Manchester, UK, January 1998.

The arrangements are sometimes called "TEXTA Authority". TEXTA stands for "Technical Extracts of Traffic Analysis" and is in effect a voluminous listing of every communications source identified by each agency. It is catalogued and sorted by countries, users, networks, types of communications system and other features.

Called IRSIG

TCP/IP, or Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.

"SCI", also known as Special Intelligence, is secret intelligence for which codeword clearance is required. Special regulations also apply to offices in which SCI is examined. They must be physically secure and electromagnetically shielded. These offices are known as SCIFs (SCI Facilities).

The US intelligence intranet is described in "Top Secret Intranet: How U.S. Intelligence Built Intelink -- the world's largest, most secure network", by Frederick Martin (Prentice Hall, 1999)

The National Security Agency and Fourth Amendment Rights, Hearings before the Select Committee to Study Government Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activitities, US Senate, Washington, 1976.

By the Paracel Corporation, as the FDF "Textfinder". It claims to be the "fastest, most adaptive information filetering system in the world".

Oratory is described in "Spyworld", by Mike Frost and Michel Gratton, Doubleday Canada, 1994. It was used to select messages intercepted at clandestine embassy interception sites.

Address to the Symposium on "National Security and National Competitiveness : Open Source Solutions" by Vice Admiral William Studeman, Deputy Director of Central Intelligence and former director of NSA, 1 December 1992, McLean, Virginia.

See reference 1, above.

Secret Power, by Nicky Hager. Craig Potton Publishing, New Zealand, 1996.

New Statesman (UK), 12 August 1988. At the time, Ms Newsham was a confidential source of information and was not identified in the article. In February 2000, living in retirement and facing a serious illness, Ms Newsham, said that she could be identified as the original source of information on Echelon. She also appeared on a CBS television programme about Echelon, Sixty Minutes (shown on 27 February 2000).

See reference 16.

"Echelon P-377 Work Package for CARBOY II", published at cryptome.org/echelon-p377.htm

An independent organisation that, among other functions. catalogues US government documents obtained under Freedom of Information legislation.

Naval Security Group Command Regulation C5450.48A; see note 23.

"Desperately Seeking Signals", Jeff Richelson, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, March-April 2000.

The documents relating to Echelon stations can be found at the National Security Archive web site.

A million megabytes, or 10 12 bytes.